What a proper pre-purchase inspection actually includes

On the lift: underbody condition, fluid leaks identified by source rather than by puddle, exhaust integrity, suspension bushings and ball joints checked for play, brake rotor and pad measurement, tyre condition including date codes, and evidence of previous structural repair such as disturbed sealant, weld spatter or replaced fasteners.

With a scan tool: all modules queried, not just the engine. Stored and pending fault codes, readiness monitor status — because recently cleared codes hide behind incomplete monitors — and live data for fuel trims, misfire counters, and on electrified vehicles, pack state of health and cell voltage spread.

On the body: a paint depth gauge reading on every panel, compared against each other and against factory-typical values, to reveal refinishing that no history report captured. Panel gap consistency, overspray on trim and weatherstripping, and glass markings that reveal replaced windows.

On the road: cold start behaviour, transmission shift quality under light and heavy load, braking from speed for pulsation and pull, steering centring and tracking, and any noise correlated with road speed versus engine speed. A written report with photographs, a prioritised repair list and estimated costs is the deliverable — that document is also the strongest negotiating instrument a buyer will ever hold.